CanineTeeth: The four large, pointed teeth.

Carbon Dioxide: A gas byproduct of metabolism that is removed from the blood by the lungs.

Carpal Bones: The small bones that make up the wrist joint.

Cataract: A clouding of the lens inside the eye.

Cervix: The part of the female reproductive system which connects the uterus and the vagina.

Chemosis: Accumulation of fluid in the pink tissues (conjunctiva) surrounding the eye, giving it a puffy appearance.

Complete Blood Count (CBC): This is a series of tests that evaluates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This can quickly tell a veterinarian whether a patient has a variety of problems including anemia, an infection, or a bleeding disorder.

Cornea: The transparent outer portion of the eyeball that covers the pupil and iris and lets light into the eye.

Corneal Fibrosis: The formation of scar tissue on the cornea in response to injury or chronic disease. This gives the cornea a white-gray color in the damaged areas.

Diabetes: A disease caused by the failure of an animal's pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that allows blood sugar (glucose) to be utilized by cells.

Diaphragm: The diaphragm is a thin muscle that aids in breathing; it separates the chest cavity (thorax) from the abdomen.

Electrocardiogram (EKG): A printout of the analysis of the electrical activity of the heart.

Electroretinogram (ERG): A test used to evaluate the electrical function of the eye. It records the electrical changes in the retina of the eye after stimulation by light. It is similar in function to an EKG, which measures the electrical activity in the heart.

Elevated Heart Rate: There are many things that can increase a dog's heart rate. Some reasons include excitement, blood loss, and infection. Some birth defects can alter the direction of the flow of blood, causing the heart to pump harder and faster.

Enucleation: A surgical procedure which removes the eye. It is recommended for cases with painful or blind eyes.

Femoral Head: The upper portion of the femur that is part of the hip joint.

Femur: The thighbone, the bone between the knee and the pelvis.

Fetus: A developing baby in the uterus

Fibula: One of the two bones between the knee and the foot. The fibula is the smaller of the two.