Monsters Inside Me
Strongyloidiasis
Caused by Strongyloidiasis stercoralis, aka the threadworm.
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The Parasite: Strongyloides is a parasitic worm that causes gastrointestinal disease in humans. In larval form, the parasite exists as a filariform (threadlike) larva and also as a free-living larva that can survive in soil independent of a human host. Its life cycle begins when human skin is exposed to the free-living larvae, living in soil that has been contaminated by feces. The larvae penetrate the skin and then migrate toward the body's pulmonary arteries. From there they make their way into the respiratory tract until they are swallowed. Once in the digestive system, the filariform larvae make themselves comfortable in the small intestine, where they mature into adult females and reproduce.
Each adult female can live up to five years. They secrete larvae into their host's feces, which then go on to contaminate soil and repeat the life cycle of Strongyloides. Occasionally the larvae do not leave the body via feces and actually molt into the infective form of larva within the intestine. These larvae can then penetrate the bowel wall and travel through the body to the liver and lungs.
The Infection: Infection from Strongyloides is generally characterized by gastrointestinal problems, including bloating, distension, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The disease can also cause rashes, usually on the feet but sometimes across other parts of the body. If the disease becomes disseminated throughout the host, the infection can cause wheezing, coughing, and meningitis-like symptoms.
Treatment: Prompt treatment is important, especially for people who may have compromised immune systems. The drug of choice for treatment of Strongyloides infection is ivermectin. Albendazole is sometimes an alternative. Anyone who suspects they may have Strongyloidiasis should seek immediate help from a medial professional.
Prevention: When visiting a region where Strongyloides exist (tropical and subtropical areas, primarily), take precautions to prevent exposing skin to soil, as it may be contaminated. This infection is more prevalent in areas that have less than ideal sanitation.
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Featured in Masters of Disguise, Episode 4 of MONSTERS INSIDE ME
Wednesday, July 22, 9 PM e/p
Single-minded, ruthless and devious, these parasites are the most deceptive on the planet. Highlighting Acanthamoeba keratitis, the Strongyloides threadworm and Babesiosis.
 Check out the Strongyloides threadworm in action.
Adopt a pet Strongyloides at the Parasite Pet Shop!
Visit the Monsters Inside Me video gallery.
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  Adopt a Strongyloides: So, you want a pet Strongyloides threadworm? Adopt your own adorably awful parasite from the Parasite Pet Shop!
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 Livin' La Vida Parasita! Find out how parasites affect our mind, our health and our lives in this series of articles from HowStuffWorks.com.
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