The Parasite: Acanthamoeba keratitis is caused by the Acanthamoeba parasite, which is unique because it is a free-living amoeba that causes infections in humans. As a free-living organism, Acanthamoeba have no human carrier state and do not involve an insect vector. Instead, Acanthamoeba make their way into the human eye via water — either recreational water like pools and lakes or during the routine use of contact lenses. However, only one or two out of every million contact lens users contract the disease.
The Infection: Acanthamoeba keratitis is caused when, once inside the eye, the Acanthamoeba secretes proteins that dissolve the surface of the cornea. The amoeba makes its way into the cornea and then feeds on the bacteria present in the eye, as well as the corneal cells themselves. This can cause eye pain, redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light and excessive tearing. If left untreated, the disease can cause severe pain and eventually blindness.
Treatment: The symptoms of Acanthamoeba keratitis are similar to many other eye infections, which can make it difficult to diagnose. But early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of the disease. Prescription eye medications are available and each opthalmologist should determine the best course of treatment on a case-by-case basis.
Prevention: Contact lens wearers, who are most at risk for contracting this disease, can reduce the risk of infection by having regular eye examinations and caring for and replacing contact lenses properly. This includes:
Washing hands with soap and water before handling lenses
Cleaning lenses according to manufacturers' guidelines
Using fresh disinfecting solution each time lenses are cleaned and stored; never reusing or topping off old solution
Rinsing storage cases with sterile solution (never tap water) and leaving them open to dry
Replacing storage cases once every three months
Contact lenses should also be removed before any activity involving water, including showering, using a hot tub or swimming.
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Featured in Masters of Disguise, Episode 4 of MONSTERS INSIDE ME
Wednesday, July 22, 9 PM e/p
Single-minded, ruthless and devious, these parasites are the most deceptive on the planet. Highlighting Acanthamoeba keratitis, the Strongyloides threadworm and
Babesiosis.
 See how Acanthamoeba keratitis affects the body.
Check out the Acanthamoeba parasite in action.
 Download a wallpaper-sized Acanthamoeba picture.
Visit the Monsters Inside Me video gallery.
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