Heatstroke (Hyperthermia)
Tiffany Cain, BS
Zoologist, Veterinary Services Department, Drs. Foster & Smith, Inc.
Heatstroke occurs when normal body mechanisms cannot keep the body's temperature in a safe range. Animals don't have efficient cooling systems (like humans who sweat) and get overheated easily. A dog with moderate heatstroke (body temperature from 104 degrees to 106 degrees F) can recover within an hour if given prompt first aid. Severe heatstroke (body temperature over 106 degrees F) can be deadly and immediate veterinary assistance is needed.
Signs
A dog suffering from heatstroke will display several signs: a bright red tongue, red or pale gums; thick, sticky saliva; rapid panting; weakness, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock.
What You Should Do
For severe heatstroke, transport your dog to the veterinarian immediately. If you are more than five minutes from the veterinary hospital and your dog is conscious, lower his temperature to at least 106 degrees F before going to the hospital. Use a hose, shower, or tub full of cold water to wet down your dog. Keep him watered down with cool water until his temperature drops. Check their temperature every ten minutes and stop the cooling process once his temperature reaches 103 degrees F.
For moderate heatstroke, water down your dog and move him into a cool environment. Give him a children's rehydration fluid or water.
What Your Veterinarian Will Do
Your veterinarian will lower your dog's body temperature to a safe range (if you haven't already) and continually monitor his temperature. Your dog will be given fluids, monitored for shock, respiratory distress, kidney failure, and other complications.
Aftercare
Dogs with moderate heatstroke often recover without complicating health problems. Severe heatstroke can cause organ damage that might need ongoing care such as a special diet prescribed by your veterinarian. Dogs who suffer from heatstroke once increase their risk for getting it again and steps must be taken to prevent it on hot, humid days: Do not leave your pet in the car, muzzle him, confine him without shade, or confine him to concrete or asphalt surfaces. Restrict exercise, provide constant access to water, and keep pets with breathing problems indoors.
