The following list contains the numbers of known species in each living mammalian order, along with some common names for selected species. It is based on Mammalogy by T.A. Vaughan, J.R. Ryan, and N.J. Czaplewski (4th edition, 2000, Saunders College Publishers, Orlando). There are a total of 4,646 species recognized, almost half of which are rodents.
SUBCLASS PROTOTHERIA
- Order Monotremata (3 species)
- echidnas, duck-billed platypus
SUBCLASS THERIA
Infraclass Metatheria (Marsupialia)
- Order Didelphimorphia (63 species)
- opossums
- Order Paucituberculata (6 species)
- rat opossums
- Order Microbiotheria (1 species)
- monito del monte (or Ilaca)
- Order Dasyuromorphia (63 species)
- numbat, quolls, antechinuses, devil
- Order Peramelemorphia (21 species)
- bandicoots
- Order Notoryctemorphia (2 species)
- marsupial "mole"
- Order Diprotodontia (117 species)
- koala, wombats, cuscuses, rat kangaroos, kangaroos, wallabies, gliders, possums
Infraclass Eutheria (Placentalia)
- Order Xenarthra (29 species)
- two and three-toed sloths, armadillos, anteaters
- Order Insectivora (429 species)
- solenodons, tenrecs, hedgehogs, shrews, moles
- Order Scandentia (19 species)
- tree shrews
- Order Dermoptera (2 species)
- colugos
- Order Chiroptera (928 species)
- bats
- Order Primates (236 species)
- aye-aye, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, human, gibbons, marmosets
- Order Carnivora (271 species)
- cats, civets, mongooses, hyenas, wolves, foxes, jackals, bears, seals, sea lions, walrus, weasels, skunks, otters, raccoons
- Order Cetacea (78 species)
- rorquals, whales, dolphins, porpoises, narwhal, beluga
- Order Sirenia (5 species)
- dugongs (or sea cows), manatees
- Order Proboscidea (2 species)
- elephants
- Order Perissodactyla (18 species)
- horses, asses, zebras, tapirs, rhinoceroses
- Order Hyracoidea (6 species)
- hyraxes
- Order Tubulidentata (1 species)
- aardvark
- Order Artiodactyla (220 species)
- swine, peccaries, hippopotamuses, camels, llamas, chevrotains, giraffe, okapi, deer, pronghorns, antelope, bison, cattle, goats
- Order Pholidota (7 species)
- pangolins (or scaly anteaters)
- Order Rodentia (2,024 species)
- squirrels, beavers, pocket gophers, rats, mice, kangaroo, rats, dormice, Old and New World porcupines, cavies, mole-rats, chinchillas, capybara, pacas, agoutis
- Order Lagomorpha (80 species)
- pikas, rabbits
- Order Macroscelidea (15 species)
- elephant-shrews